Laser Spectroscopy

Research Group Wilfried Nörtershäuser

Experimental Atomic and Nuclear Physics with Radioactive Nuclides

Laser Spectroscopy of Radioactive Isotopes -Survey

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Optical spectroscopy experiments on radionuclides performed on-line and published since January 1988 when the compilation by E.W. Otten[1] was closed for additional data. Data compiled and evaluated in [1] are indicated in the reference column as “Table x”. For the investigated isotopes the following information is given: the name of the element, the proton number Z, the mass number A of the isotopes measured, the experimental data obtained, the technique applied, the radioactive ion beam facility used, and the reference. Data published in refereed journals are compiled since January 1988.

R. Neugart
Collinear laser spectroscopy on unstable isotopes – A tool of nuclear physics
Hyp. Int. 24, 159-180 (1985)

E.W. Otten
Nuclear radii and moments of unstable isotopes, in Treatise on heavy-ion science
D.A. Bromley, Editor. 1989. p. 517-638

J. Billowes and P. Campbell
High-resolution laser spectroscopy for the study of nuclear sizes and shapes
J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 21, 707-739 (1995)

R. Neugart
Lasers in nuclear physics --A review
Eur. Phys. J. A 15, 35-39 (2002)

R. Neugart and G. Neyens
Nuclear Moments
Lecture Notes in Physics 700, 135-189 (2006)

B. Cheal and K. T. Flanagan
Progress in laser spectroscopy at radioactive ion beam facilities
J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 37, 113101 (2010)

V. N. Fedosseev, Yu. Kudryavtsev and V. I. Mishin
Resonance laser ionization of atoms for nuclear physics
Phys. Scr. 85, 058104 (2012)

K. Blaum, J. Dilling and W. Nörtershäuser
Precision atomic physics techniques for nuclear physics with radioactive beams
Phys. Scr. T152, 014017 (2013) | arXiv:1210.4045

B.A. Marsh, B. Andel, A.N. Andreyev, S. Antalic, D. Atanasov, A.E. Barzakh, B. Bastin, Ch. Borgmann, L. Capponi, T.E. Cocolios, T. Day Goodacre, M. Dehairs, X. Derkx, H. De Witte, D.V. Fedorov, V.N. Fedosseev, G.J. Focker, D.A. Fink, K.T. Flanagan, S. Franchoo, L. Ghys, M. Huyse, N. Imai, Z. Kalaninova, U. Köster, S. Kreim, N. Kesteloot, Yu. Kudryavtsev, J. Lane, N. Lecesne, V. Liberati, D. Lunney, K.M. Lynch, V. Manea, P.L. Molkanov, T. Nicol, D. Pauwels, L. Popescu, D. Radulov, E. Rapisarda, M. Rosenbusch, R.E. Rossel, S. Rothe, L. Schweikhard, M.D. Seliverstov, S. Sels, A.M. Sjödin, V. Truesdale, C. Van Beveren, P. Van Duppen, K. Wendt, F. Wienholtz, R.N. Wolf, S.G. Zemlyanoy
New developments of the in-source spectroscopy method at RILIS/ISOLDE
Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 317, 550-556 (2013)

P. Campbell, I. D. Moore and M. R. Pearson
Laser spectroscopy for nuclear structure physics
Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 86, 127-180 (2016)

R. Neugart, J. Billowes, M. L. Bissell, K. Blaum, B. Cheal, K. T. Flanagan, G. Neyens, W. Nörtershäuser and D. T. Yordanov
Collinear laser spectroscopy at ISOLDE: new methods and highlights
J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 44, 064002 (2017)

M. Block, M. Laatiaoui, S. Raeder
Recent progress in laser spectroscopy of the actinides
Progress In Particle And Nuclear Physics 116, 103834 (2021)

Á. Koszorús, R. P. de Groote, B. Cheal, P. Campbell, and I. D. Moore
Nuclear structure studies by collinear laser spectroscopy
Eur. Phys. J. A 60, 20 (2024)

Publications on Laser Spectroscopy

The bibliographic information of the publications given in the table can be found here.

Abbreviations

ABS: atomic beam spectroscopy; ATS: Atom Trap Spectroscopy; β: beta-decay detection; β-NMR: nuclear magnetic resonance with detection by β-decay asymmetry; β-NQR: zero-field nuclear quadrupole resonance with detection by β-decay asymmetry; COMPLIS: COllaboration for laser spectroscopy Measurements using a Pulsed Laser Ion Source; CRIS: Collinear Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy; CS: collinear spectroscopy; FC: Frequency-Comb; GCS: gas cell spectroscopy; IGLIS: In-Gas Laser Ionization and Spectroscopy; IS-RIS: In-Source Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy; ITS: Ion Trap Spectroscopy; LIF: laser induced fluorescence; LIOP-SGA: Laser-induced Optical pumping of an atomic beam Stern Gerlach Analyzer; LIS: laser ion source; LIST: Laser Ion Source Trap; LPOPA: Larmor Precession of Optically Pumped Atoms; MOT: magneto-optical trap; MR-TOF: Multi-Reflection Time-of-Flight; MWDR: microwave double-resonance; NDD: Nuclear Decay Detection; OP: optical pumping; PICO: Photon-Ion-Coincidence; PI-ICR: Phase-Imaging Ion-Cyclotron-Resonance; PI-LIST: Perpendicularly Illuminated Laser Ion Source and Trap; PTS: Paul-Trap Spectroscopy; RADOP: beta-Radiation Detected Optical Pumping; RADRIS: nuclear radiation detected resonance ionization spectroscopy; RFQ: radio frequency ion trap; RIMS: resonance ionization mass spectroscopy; RIS + SSGJ: resonance ionization spectroscopy in a supersonic gas jet; SEOP: Spin-Exchange Optical Pumping; SPOP: State Population by optical Pumping in RFQ; SSCI: state selective collissional ionization; SSN: state selective neutralization

	Z	A	Data	Technique	Facility	Reference
He	2	6	δ<r²>	ATS	Argonne NL	[2, WWW]
He	2	6, 8	δ<r²>	ATS	Argonne NL	[119]
Li	3	6-9, 11	I, μ_I, Q_s	CS + OP + β-NMR		[Arn87a, Arn87b]
		11	Q_s	CS + OP + β-NMR	ISOLDE	[3, ,4]
		6-9	δ<r²>	RIMS	GSI	[5, 6]
		6-9,11	δ<r²>	RIMS	ISAC, TRIUMF	[79, 112, 113]
		8,9	μ_I, Q_s	CS + OP + β-NMR	ISOLDE	[77]
		9,11	I, Q_s	CS + OP + β-NMR	ISOLDE	[86]
		9	Q_s	OP + β-NQR	TRIUMF	[111]
		11	Q_s	β-NQR	TRIUMF	[139]
Be	4	11	μ_I	LIS+ CS + β-NMR	ISOLDE	[7]
		7, 9-11	μ_I, δ<r²>	FC + CS	ISOLDE	[88]
		7	μ_I	ITS + Cooling + MWDR	RIKEN	[89]
		12	δ<r²>	FC + CS+ PICO	ISOLDE	[120]
		11	μ_I	ITS + Cooling + MWDR	RIKEN	[137]
		7, 9-12	Δν_IS	FC + CS	ISOLDE	[147]
		7, 9-12	δ<r²>	FC + CS + PICO	ISOLDE	[164]
B	5	10, 11	δ<r²>	RIMS	off-line	[188]
Ne	10	17-26, 28	I, μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CS + SSCI + β	ISOLDE	[8, 75]
		17-22	δ<r²>	CS + SSCI + β	ISOLDE	[87]
		17-19, 21-26, 28	δ<r²>	CS + SSCI + β	ISOLDE	[116]
Na	11	21-31	δ<r²>, μ_I, I	LIOP-SGA + MWDR	ISOLDE	[Hub78]
		21-31	δ<r²>, Q_s	LIOP-SGA + MWDR	ISOLDE	[Tor85]
		20	μ_I	RADOP	Karlsruhe	[Schw75]
		21	Δν_hfs	neutral atom trap	Berkeley	[9]
		26-29 27-31 31	Q_s μ_I I	CS+ β-NMR	ISOLDE	[10]
		26-31	μ_I	CS+ β-NMR	ISOLDE	[209]
Mg	12	31	I, μ_I	CS+ OP + β-NMR	ISOLDE	[76]
		21	I, μ_I	CS + β-NMR	ISOLDE	[95]
		27, 29, 31	I, μ_I	CS + LIF	ISOLDE	[82]
		33	I, μ_I	CS + OP + β-NMR	ISOLDE	[85]
		21-32	δ<r²>	CS + OP + β-NMR	ISOLDE	[118]
		23	I, μ_I	CS	ISOLDE	[166]
Al	13	26	μ_I	ABS	off-line	[126, 127]
		27-32	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CS + cooler RFQ	ISOLDE	[208]
		26, 26^m	δ<r²>	CS + cooler RFQ	ISOLDE & Jyväskylä	[239]
Si	14	28-30, 32	δ<r²>	CRIS	FRIB	[244]
Ar	18	32-40, 46	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CS + SSCI + β	ISOLDE	[11]
Ar	18	40-44	I, μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CS + SSCI + β	ISOLDE	[91]
K	19	36-47	I, μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>			[74]
		36	μ_I	RADOP	Karlsruhe	[Schw75]
		37	μ_I	RADOP	Karlsruhe	[Köp69]
		38-47	μ_I, δ<r²>	LIOP-SGA	ISOLDE	[Tou82]
		49, 51	I, μ_I	CS + cooler RFQ	ISOLDE	[130]
		38, 39, 42, 44, 46–51	I, δ<r²>	CS + cooler RFQ	ISOLDE	[133]
		38, 38^m	δ<r²>	CS + cooler RFQ	ISOLDE	[136]
		39, 47, 49, 51	μ_I	CS + cooler RFQ	ISOLDE	[138]
		36, 37	δ<r²>	CS + cooler RFQ	NSCL	[152]
		38-47	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CRIS	ISOLDE	[195]
		48-52	δ<r²>	CRIS	ISOLDE	[214]
Ca	20	41,43,45	Q_s, δ<r²>	ABS		[Ber80]
		41-48	δ<r²>, μ_I	ABS	Karlsruhe	[And82]
		40-48	δ<r²>	CS + SSN	ISOLDE	[12]
		50	δ<r²>	CS + SSN + β	ISOLDE	[13]
		39	δ<r²>	CS + SSN + β	ISOLDE	[14]
		49, 51	I, μ_I, Q_s	CS + cooler RFQ	ISOLDE	[142]
		49-52	δ<r²>	CS + cooler RFQ	ISOLDE	[154]
		36-39	δ<r²>	CS + cooler RFQ	NSCL	[187]
		37, 39	μ_I, Q_s	CS + cooler RFQ	NSCL	[190]
Sc	21	43-46, 44m, 45m	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CS + cooler RFQ	Jyväskylä	[100]
		42, 42m	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CS + cooler RFQ	Jyväskylä	[215]
		40	μ_I, Q_s,	CS + cooler RFQ	NSCL	[230]
		47, 49	μ_I, Q_s,	CS + cooler RFQ & CRIS	ISOLDE	[232]
		40, 41	δ<r²>	CS + cooler RFQ	NSCL	[236]
		47-49	δ<r²>	CS + cooler RFQ	ISOLDE	[249]
Ti	22	44, 45	δ<r²>	CS + cooler RFQ	Jyväskylä	[15], [15a]
Cr	24	61	μ_I, I	CRIS	ISOLDE	[251]
Mn	25	50-56, 50m, 52m	δ<r²>, μ_I, Q_s	CS + cooler RFQ	Jyväskylä	[99]
		51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63	μ_I, I	CS + cooler RFQ	ISOLDE	[148]
		54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 58^m, 60^m, 62^m	μ_I, I	CS + cooler RFQ	ISOLDE	[149]
		51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63	μ_I, Q_s	CS + cooler RFQ	ISOLDE	[157]
		51, 53−64	δ<r²>	CS + cooler RFQ + SPOP	ISOLDE	[163]
Fe	26	52, 53	δ<r²>	CS + cooler RFQ	NSCL	[161]
Fe	26	53	μ_I, Q_s	CS + cooler RFQ	NSCL	[176]
Ni	28	58, 60-62, 64, 68	δ<r²>	CS + cooler RFQ	ISOLDE	[199]
		54	δ<r²>	CS + cooler RFQ	NSCL	[227]
		58-68, 70	δ<r²>	CS + cooler RFQ	ISOLDE	[228]
		55, 56	δ<r²>, μ_I	CS + cooler RFQ	NSCL	[234]
		59, 61, 63, 65, 67	μ_I, Q_s	CS + cooler RFQ	ISOLDE	[242]
Cu	29	68^g,m; 70^g,m1,m2	μ_I	IS-RIS	ISOLDE	[16]
		57,59	μ_I	IGLIS	LISOL	[96]
		58,59	μ_I, I_s	IS-RIS	ISOLDE	[90]
		71,73,75	μ_I, I	IS-RIS + CS	ISOLDE	[94]
		57, 58, 59, 60	μ_I, I	IGLIS	LISOL	[108]
		61-75, 68^m, 70^m1,m2	μ_I, Q_s	CS + cooler RFQ	ISOLDE	[109]
		58-62	μ_I, Q_s	CS + cooler RFQ	ISOLDE	[114]
		75,77,78	μ_I, I	IS-RIS	ISOLDE	[122]
		58-75	δ<r²>	CS + cooler RFQ	ISOLDE	[156]
		73-78	μ_I, Q_s	CRIS	ISOLDE	[171]
		63-66, 68-78, 68m,70^m1,^m2	δ<r²>	CRIS	ISOLDE	[200]
Zn	30	79	I, μ_I, δ<r²>	CS + cooler RFQ	ISOLDE	[155]
		63, 65, 67, …, 79, 69^m, 71^m, 73^m, … 79^m	I, μ_I, Q_s	CS + cooler RFQ	ISOLDE	[167]
		73^m	I	CS + cooler RFQ	ISOLDE	[178]
		62-80, 69^m, 71^m, 73^m, … 79^m	δ<r²>	CS + cooler RFQ	ISOLDE	[192]
Ga	31	67,69,71,73,75,77,79,81	I, μ_I, Q_s	IS-RIS	ISOLDE	[97]
		80^m	I, μ_I, Q_s	CS + cooler RFQ	ISOLDE	[107]
		72,74,76,78	μ_I, Q_s	CS + cooler RFQ	ISOLDE	[115]
		63,64,66,68-82,80^m	I, μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CS + cooler RFQ	ISOLDE	[123]
		82	I, μ_I, Q_s	CS + cooler RFQ	ISOLDE	[124]
		65,67,69,75,79-82	I, μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CRIS	ISOLDE	[172]
Ge	32	69, 71, 73	μ_I, Q_s	CS + cooler RFQ	ISOLDE	[205]
Ge	32	68-74	δ<r²>	CS + cooler RFQ	ISOLDE	[243]
Kr	36	88, 90	δ<r²>	CS	TRISTAN	[17]
		72, 74-96, 79^m, 81^m, 83^m, 85^m	I, μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CS + SSCI	ISOLDE	[18]
		72, 74-96, 79^m, 81^m, 83^m, 85^m	δ<r²>	CS + SSCI	ISOLDE	[19]
Rb	37	76-98, 78^m, 81^m, 82^m, 84^m, 86^m, 90^m	I, μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	LIOP-SGA	ISOLDE	[Thi81]
		82	hfs	neutral atom trap	Los Alamos	[20]
		74, 75	δ<r²>, I	CS + cooler RFQ	TRIUMF	[121]
		98^m1 98^m2	I, μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CS + cooler RFQ	TRIUMF	[141]
		98, 98^m	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CS + cooler RFQ	TRIUMF	[150]
Sr	38	80-90, 85^m, 87^m	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	ABS		[Buc85, Ans86, Ans87]
		78-84	δ<r²>	CS + PICO	Daresbury	[Eas87]
		92, 94, 96, 98, 100	δ<r²>	CS + SSN	ISOLDE	[Sil88]
		79, 81, 83^m, 87^m, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97	μ_I, Q_s	CS + SSN	ISOLDE	[Buc87a, Buc87b]
		78-98, 100, 83^m, 85^m, 87^m	I, μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CS	ISOLDE	[21]
		99	I, μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CS + SSN	ISOLDE	[22]
		77	I, μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CS + SSN	ISOLDE	[23]
		77-100	δ<r²>	CS + SSN	ISOLDE	[19]
Y	39	86-90, 92-102, 87^m, 88^m, 89^m, 90^m, 93^m, 96^m, 97^m, 97^m2, 98^m	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CS + LIF	JYFL	[80]
		100^m	I, μ_I, Q_s	CS + cooler RFQ + SPOP	Jyväskylä	[110]
		97^m2	δ<r²>	CS + cooler RFQ	Jyväskylä	[78]
		89, 96, 98	δ<r²>	CS + cooler RFQ + SPOP	Jyväskylä	[177]
Zr	40	96-102	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CS + cooler RFQ	Jyväskylä	[24]
Zr	40	87-89, 87^m, 89^m	I, μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CS + cooler RFQ	Jyväskylä	[15, 25]
Nb	41	90-93, 90^m, 91^m, 99,101,103	δ<r²>	OP	Jyväskylä	[98]
Mo	42	90,91,102-106,108	μ_I, δ<r²>	CS + cooler RFQ	Jyväskylä	[92]
Tc	43	97, 98	I, μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	RIMS + PI-LIST	RISIKO, Mainz	[207]
Ru	44	106-114	δ<r²>	CS + cooler RFQ	CARIBU	[250]
Pd	46	98-102, 104-106, 108, 110, 112, 114, 116, 118	δ<r²>	CS + cooler RFQ	Jyväskylä	[231]
Ag	47	101, 103-105, 105^m, 106^m, 107, 109	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CS		[26]
		97-101	I, μ_I, δ<r²>	IGLIS	LISOL	[131]
		96-104, 107, 109, 114-121, 99^m	δ<r²>	CS, IS-RIS + PI-ICR	Jyväskylä	[216]
		107, 109, 113, 113^m, 115, 115^m,…, 123, 123^m	μ_I, Q_s	CS, IS-RIS + PI-ICR	Jyväskylä	[240]
		114, (116, 118, 120)^g,m1,m2	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CS + cooler RFQ	Jyväskylä	[257]
Cd	48	102-116, 118, 120, 111^m, 113^m, 115^m	I, μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	GCS	ISOLDE	[Buc87c]
		107,109,111,…,129, 111^m,113^m,115^m,…,129^m	I, μ_I, Q_s	CS + cooler RFQ	ISOLDE	[128]
		107, 109, 111,…, 125, 111^m, 113^m, 115^m,…, 125^m	I, μ_I, Q_s	CS	ISOLDE	[143]
		111^m-129^m	δ<r²>	CS + cooler RFQ	ISOLDE	[162]
		101, 103, 105, 107, 109	I, μ_I, Q_s	CS + cooler RFQ	ISOLDE	[181]
		100-130	δ<r²>	CS + cooler RFQ	ISOLDE	[183]
In	49	107- 109, 110m, 111	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CS	GSI	[Ulm85]
		105,106	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CS	GSI	[Loc85]
		108,108m	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CS	GSI	[Ebe86]
		104, 112, 112m, 114, 115m, 116-126, 116m-126m, 127	I, μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CS	GSI	[Ebe87b]
		104-127, 108^m, 115^m-126^m	δ<r²>	CRIS	ISOLDE	[196]
		101, 103, 105, …, 131, 101^m, 103^m, …, 115^m	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CRIS	ISOLDE	[246]
		113, 113^m, 115, 115^m, …., … 131, 131^m	μ_I, Q_s	CRIS	ISOLDE	[247]
		127^m, 129^m	Q_s, δ<r²>	CRIS	ISOLDE	[253]
		102, 114, 116, 118, 120, 122, 128, 130, 101^m, 103^m–107^m ,109^m–111^m ,127^m–131^m	δ<r²>	CRIS	ISOLDE	[255]
Sn	50	110-121, 117m, 121m	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	ABS	Karlsruhe	[Ans86b]
		108-112, 114-120, 122, 124	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CS	GSI	[Ebe87]
		126-132, 125^m, 127^m, 129^m, 130^m, 131^m	δ<r²>	COMPLIS	ISOLDE	[27]
		126-132, 125^m, 127^m, 129^m, 130^m, 131^m	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	COMPLIS	ISOLDE	[83]
		108, 110, 112, 114, 116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 130, 132, 134	δ<r²>	CS + cooler RFQ	ISOLDE	[189]
		109, 115, 117, …, 131, 117^m, 119^m, …, 131^m	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CS + cooler RFQ	ISOLDE	[202]
		133	μ_I, Q_s	CS + cooler RFQ	ISOLDE	[204]
		104 – 134	δ<r²>	CS + cooler RFQ, CRIS	ISOLDE	[258]
Sb	51	133, 134^m	μ_I, Q_s	CS + cooler RFQ	ISOLDE	[217]
Sb	51	113, 115-133, 116^m, 118^m, …, 124^m, 132^m	μ_I, Q_s	CS + cooler RFQ	ISOLDE	[237]
Te	52	133, 135, 125m, 127m, 129m, 131m, 133m	I, μ_I, Q_s	COMPLIS	ISOLDE	[101]
Te	52	132, 134, 136	δ<r²>	COMPLIS	ISOLDE	[102]
Xe	54	116-146 (even), 129, 131, 137, 139, 141, 143	I, μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CS + SSCI	ISOLDE	[28]
Cs	55	137-139	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CS	TRIGA Mainz	[Sch78b]
		123-132, 137, 130m	δ<r²>	LIOP-SGA	ISOLDE	[Hub78b]
		138-142	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CS	TRIGA Mainz	[Bon79]
		118-145, 119m, 121m, 122m, 130m, 134m, 135m, 136m, 138m	I, μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	LIOP-SGA	ISOLDE	[Thi81b]
		118, 146	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	LIOP-SGA	ISOLDE	[Coc87]
		126	μ_I	OP + ABMR	ISOLDE	[84]
Ba	56	126, 128-134, 136, 136, 140, 129m, 133m, 135m	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	ABS	Karlsruhe	[Bek89]
		122, 123, 125, 127, 139-146, 131m, 137m	I, μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CS	ISOLDE	[Mue83]
		124	δ<r²>	ABS	Karlsruhe	[Reb80]
		134-146, 148	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CS	ISOLDE	[Wen88]
		120, 121	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CS	Daresbury	[Eas87b]
		130^m	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CS + cooler RFQ	Jyväskylä	[29]
		127^m	I, μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CS	DOLIS	[30]
La	57	135, 137	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CS + LIF	JAERI	[81]
Ce	58	146, 148	δ<r²>	CS + cooler RFQ		[103]
Pr	59	135-137, 141	μ_I	CS	ISOLDE	[191]
Nd	60	132, 134-146, 148, 150	I, μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	RIMS	Gatchina	[Alk87]
Nd	60	132, 134-143	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	RIMS	Gatchina	[31]
Pm	61	143-146	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	RIMS + PI-LIST	RISIKO, Mainz	[197]
Sm	62	138-145, 141^m	I, μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	RIMS	Gatchina	[Alk87]
		146,151,153	I, μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	ABS	Daresbury	[Eas84]
		138-145, 141^m	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	RIMS	Gatchina	[31]
Eu	63	145-149	δ<r²>	RIMS	Gatchina	[Alk83]
		141-144	δ<r²>	RIMS	Gatchina	[Fed84]
		151-154	Q_s, δ<r²>	RIMS	Gatchina	[Doe83]
		147, 149, 155, 156, 152m	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CS	Gatchina	[Doe84]
		140-153, 142m, 150m	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CS	ISOLDE	[Ahm85]
		138, 139	δ<r²>	RIMS	Gatchina	[Alk87]
		155-159	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	RIMS	Gatchina	[32]
		138-145	δ<r²>	RIMS	Gatchina	[31]
		148, 149, 150, 151, 153	Q_s, hfs anomaly	MW-DR in ion trap	ISOLDE	[33]
Gd	64	146-160	δ<r²>	RIMS	Gatchina	[34]
		145, 145m, 143m	δ<r²>			[104]
		145, 145m	μ_I, Q_s			[104]
Tb	65	147-155,157,159	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	RIMS	Gatchina	[35]
Dy	66	149, 151, 153, 155, 157, 159	I, μ_I, Q_s	CS	ISOLDE	[Ott89] (Table 20)
Dy	66	146, 148-164	δ<r²>	CS	ISOLDE	[Ott89] (Table 19)
Ho	67	152-155, 157-163, 152m, 154m, 158m, 160m, 162m	I, μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	RIMS	Gatchina	[Alk87]
		151-163, 151m, 152m, 154m, 156m, 158m, 160m, 162m	I, μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CS	ISOLDE	[Ott89] (Table 20)
		152-163, 152^m, 153^m, 154^m, 158^m, 160^m	I, μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	RIMS	Gatchina	[36]
Er	68	153, 155, 157, 159, 161, 163, 165	I, μ_I, Q_s	CS	ISOLDE	[Ahm85b]
Er	68	152, 154, 156, 158, 160, 162, 164	δ<r²>	CS	ISOLDE	[Ott89] (Table 21)
Tm	69	156-172	I, μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	RIMS	Gatchina	[Alk87]
		157-172	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	RIMS	Gatchina	[37]
		153, 154, 154^m	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	IS-RIS	Gatchina	[38]
Yb	70	156, 158, 160-174, 176	I, μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CS	ISOLDE	[Buc82] and [Ott89] (Table 23)
		159, 161, 163, 165, 167, 169	I, μ_I, Q_s			[Ne83]
		152-158 (even)	δ<r²>	GCS	Stony Brook	[39]
		157, 159, 175	I, μ_I, δ<r²>	CS + RIMS	ISOLDE	[40]
		154-156, 160, 162, 164, 166	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	IS-RIS	Gatchina	[41, 42]
		155	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	IS-RIS	Gatchina	[38]
		153	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	IS-RIS	Gatchina	[43]
		176^m	I, μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CS + LIF	JYFL	[78]
		175, 176^m, 177, 177^m	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CS + cooler RFQ	JYFL	[125]
Lu	71	161-179, 166^m1, 166^m2, 167^m, 168^m, 169^m, 171^m, 172^m, 174^m, 176^m, 177^m, 178^m	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CS	ISOLDE	[44]
Hf	72	178^m2	μ_I, Q_s, Δν_isomer	CS	Orsay	[45]
		170, 172-174	δ<r²>	CS	Jyväskylä	[46]
		171^g,m	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CS	Jyväskylä	[47]
		175	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CS + cooler RFQ	Jyväskylä	[48]
		178^m1	I, μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CS + LIF	JYFL	[78]
Os	76	194, 196	δ<r²>	IGLIS + MR-TOF	KISS, RIKEN	[212]
Ir	77	182-189, 191, 193, 186^m	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	COMPLIS	ISOLDE	[49]
Ir	77	196-198	μ_I, δ<r²>	IGLIS	KISS, RIKEN	[213]
Pt	78	186-198 (even)	δ<r²>			[Lee88]
		186-198 (even)	δ<r²>	RIMS	ISOCELE	[50]
		185, 187, 189, 191, 195	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	RIMS	ISOCELE	[51]
		183-196, 198, 185^m	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	RIMS	ISOLDE	[52]
		178-182, 183^m	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	COMPLIS	ISOLDE	[53]
		183, 185, 185^m	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	COMPLIS	ISOLDE	[54]
		199, 199^m	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	IGLIS	KISS, RIKEN	[211]
		200, 201	μ_I, δ<r²>	IGLIS	KISS, RIKEN	[233]
Au	79	195, 197	δ<r²>	GCS	ISOLDE	[Klu83]
		190-193, 195	δ<r²>	GCS	ISOLDE	[Str85]
		185-189, 189m	μ_I	RIMS	ISOLDE	[Wal87]
		185-190, 189m	μ_I, δ<r²>	RIMS	ISOLDE	[Wal87a]
		186, 187, 190, 192, 194, 195-199	μ_I, δ<r²>	RIMS	ISOLDE	[55]
		183-197	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	RIMS	ISOLDE	[56]
		191-194	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	RIMS	ISOLDE	[57]
		184, 184^m	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	COMPLIS	ISOLDE	[58]
		184, 184^m, 191, 193, 195	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	RIMS	ISOLDE	[54]
		177, 189, 191, 193, 195	hfs anomaly	IS-RIS	ISOLDE	[198]
		187^m	μ_I, δ<r²>	IS-RIS	ISOLDE	[203]
		180, 182	μ_I, δ<r²>	IS-RIS	ISOLDE	[206]
		177, 179	I, μ_I	IS-RIS + MR-TOF + NDD	ISOLDE	[223]
		176^ls,hs	μ_I	IS-RIS + NDD	ISOLDE	[225]
		176^ls,hs, 177^g,m, 178^g,m, 179-183, 187^m, 191^m, 193^m, 195^m	μ_I, δ<r²>	IS-RIS + MR-TOF + NDD	ISOLDE	[238]
Hg	80	185^m, 187^m, 189^m, 191^m, 193^m, 195^m, 197^m, 199^m	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	GCS	ISOLDE	[Dab79]
		182, 184, 186, 188, 190, 192, 194, 196, 198	δ<r²>	CS	ISOLDE	[Ulm86]
		181-206, 185^m, 187^m, 189^m, 191^m, 193^m, 195^m, 197^m, 199^m	I, μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>			Summary in [Ulm86]
		177-185, 185^m	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	IS-RIS + MR-TOF + NDD	ISOLDE	[185]
		177-185, 185^m	I, μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	RIMS / IS-RIS + MR-TOF + NDD	ISOLDE	[186]
		202, 203, 206-208	δ<r²>	RIMS / IS-RIS + MR-TOF	ISOLDE	[210]
		198, 202, 203, 206-208	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	IS-RIS + MR-TOF + NDD	ISOLDE	[226]
Tl	81	207	μ_I	CS	ISOLDE	[Ne85]
		189^m, 191^m, 193^m, 193	Q_s	CS	Oak Ridge	[Bou85]
		189-194, 189^m, 191^m, 193^m	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CS	Oak Ridge	[Bou87]
		188^m, 190^g,m-192^g,m, 194^g,m, 196^g,m	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CS	GSI	[59]
		208	μ_I, δ<r²>	RADRIS		[60]
		187, 188	μ_I, Q_s	CS	Oak Ridge	[61]
		183^g, 184^m1, 185^m, 185^g, 186^m2, 187^m, 195^m, 197^m, 203^g, 205^g, 207^g	μ_I, δ<r²>	IS-RIS	Gatchina	[135]
		179-184, 184^m1, 184^m2, 184^m3, 183^m, 182^m1, 182^m2	I, μ_I, δ<r²>	IS-RIS	ISOLDE	[168]
		209^g, 207^m	μ_I	IS-RIS	ISOLDE	[241]
		203, 207, 207^m, 208, 209	δ<r²>	IS-RIS + LIST	ISOLDE	[245]
Pb	82	196-212, 214, 197^m, 202^m	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	ABS	Karlsruhe, FR2	[Tho83], [Ans86c]
		192, 194, 195^m, 196, 204, 206-208	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CS	GSI	[Din87]
		190, 191, 193, 197	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CS	GSI	[62]
		185^{m1, m2}	I, μ_I	IS-RIS	ISOLDE	[63]
		182-190, 183-189	δ<r²>, μ_I, Q_s	RIMS	ISOLDE	[105], [93]
Pb⁸¹⁺		207	hfs anomaly	storage ring	GSI	[64]
Bi	83	202, 203, 204	δ<r²>, μ_I, Q_s	GCS	Stony Brook	[65]
		205-210, 210^m, 212, 213	δ<r²>, μ_I, Q_s	GCS / ABS	ISOLDE	[66, 67]
		208	μ_I, Q_s	CS + cooler RFQ	ISOLDE	[175]
		193^g,m, 195^g,m, 197^g,m	δ<r²>, μ_I	IS-RIS	Gatchina	[220]
		189, 190^m1,m2, 191, 192^g,m, 194^g,m, 198^m	δ<r²>, μ_I	IS-RIS	Gatchina	[221]
		211, 213	δ<r²>, μ_I, Q_s	IS-RIS	Gatchina	[222]
		187, 188^g,m, 189, 191	δ<r²>, μ_I, Q_s	IS-RIS	Gatchina	[224]
		214-218, 214^m, 216^m	I, μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	IS-RIS	ISOLDE	[254]
Bi⁸²⁺		209	hfs anomaly	storage ring	GSI	[68]
Bi⁸²⁺		208	hfs anomaly	storage ring	GSI	[248]
Po	84	200, 202, 204-210	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	LIF	FZ Karlsruhe	[69]
		192-210, 216, 218	δ<r²>	IS-RIS	ISOLDE	[106]
		191^hs, 193^s, 193^hs, 195^s, 195^hs, 197, 197^m, 199, 199^m, 201, 201^m, 203, 203^m, 209, 211	δ<r²>	IS-RIS	ISOLDE	[129]
		211, 216, 217, 217^m, 218	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	IS-RIS	ISOLDE	[151]
At	85	195-211, 195^m, 197-198^m,199^m, 200^m1, 200^m2, 202^m	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	IS-RIS + MR-TOF + NDD	ISOLDE	[179]
		217-219	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	IS-RIS + MR-TOF + NDD	ISOLDE	[194]
		199	Ion. Pot.	IS-RIS + NDD	ISOLDE	[219]
Rn	86	202, 204-212, 218-223,225, 203^m	I, μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>			[Ott89] (Table 29)
		209	μ_I	SEOP + β-NMR	ISOLDE	[Kit88]
		203m, 205, 207, 209, 211, 219, 221	μ_I	CS	ISOLDE	[Bor87]
Fr	87	208-213	A, B, δν	LIOP-SGA	ISOLDE	[Lib80]
		207-213, 220-228	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	LIOP-SGA	ISOLDE	[Coc85], [Coc87]
		213, 220, 221	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CS	ISOLDE	[Duo87]
		210	hfs anomaly	neutral atom trap	Stony Brook	[70]
		210	hfs	neutral atom trap	Stony Brook	[71]
		204-206, 208	I, μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CS + cooler RFQ	ISAC, TRIUMF	[132]
		202^g, 202^m, 203, 204^g, 204^m1, 204^m2, 205, 206^g, 206^m1, 206^m2, 207, 211, 220, 221	μ_I, δ<r²>	CRIS	ISOLDE	[134]
		204, 204^m, 206, 206^m	I, μ_I, δ<r²>	CS + cooler RFQ	TRIUMF	[140]
		206-213, 221	δ<r²>	MOT	TRIUMF	[144, 145]
		206^g, 206^m, 207, 209, 213, 221	hfs anomaly	MOT	TRIUMF	[146]
		219	Q_s	CRIS	ISOLDE	[153]
		206^g, 206^m1, 206^m2	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CRIS	ISOLDE	[158]
		213, 214	I, δ<r²>	CRIS	ISOLDE	[159]
		203, 207	Q_s	CRIS	ISOLDE	[170]
		208-211	Δν_IS	MOT	TRIUMF	[182]
Ra	88	211, 213, 221, 223, 225, 227, 229	I, μ_I, Q_s	CS	ISOLDE	[Ahm83]
		212, 214, 221-226	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CS	ISOLDE	[Neu88]
		208-214, 220-230, 232	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CS	ISOLDE	[Ahm88]
		213, 225	μ_I	CS + LPOPA	ISOLDE	[Arn87a]
		209-214	Δν_IS	PTS	TRIμP	[117]
		222-233	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CRIS	ISOLDE	[174]
RaF	88	223-226, 228		CRIS	ISOLDE	[201]
		223-226, 228	Δν_IS	CRIS	ISOLDE	[218]
		225	hfs anomaly	CRIS	ISOLDE	[252]
Ac	89	212-215, 227	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	RIS + SSGJ	LISOL	[165]
		212-215	I, μ_I, Q_s	IGLIS & RIS + SSGJ	LISOL	[173]
		225-229	μ_I, δ<r²>	IS-RIS	TRIUMF	[193]
		225, 226, 228, 229	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	CS	TRIUMF	[256]
Pu	94	239, 241	δ<r²>	CS & RIMS	JYFL & Mainz	[169]
Am	95	240^f,242^f,244^f	Q_s, δ<r²>	RADRIS	Heidelberg	[72, 73]
Cf	98	249-253	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	PI-LIST	RISIKO, Mainz	[235]
Es	99	253-255	I, μ_I, Q_s	IS-RIS	RISIKO, Mainz	[229]
No	102	254	IP	RADRIS	SHIP, GSI	[160, 184]
No	102	252, 253, 254	μ_I, Q_s, δ<r²>	RADRIS	SHIP, GSI	[180]

Research Group Wilfried Nörtershäuser

Experimental Atomic and Nuclear Physics with Radioactive Nuclides

Laser Spectroscopy of Radioactive Isotopes -Survey

Review Articles

Publications on Laser Spectroscopy

Used Techniques

Table of Nuclides